1.1 FIRST YEAR
CHE 1201 – GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Atomic Structure: Planetary Model and Bohr’s Model for the Atom, Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen, Quantum Mechanical for the
Atom, Basic Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Electron Clouds, Wave function, Four Quantum Numbers, Multi-electron Atoms,
Electronic Configuration, Periodic Law and Periodic Properties. Chemical Bond: Introduction and Types of Bonding, Lewis,
Sidgwick-Powell and VSEPR Theories, Overlap of Atomic Orbitals and Hybridization, Valence Bond Theory, Molecular Orbital
Theory, Structure of Ionic Crystals, Energies of Ionic Compounds, Covalent Character of Ionic Bonds. Chemistry of Elements: Alkali
Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Group 13 Elements, Halogens, d-Block Elements.
CHE 1302 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I
Chemical Thermodynamics: Basic Concepts and Terminology, First Law of Thermodynamics, Applications of the First Law of
Thermodynamics, Thermochemistry, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Applications of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Free
Energy Functions, Thermodynamic Potentials, Thermodynamic Equations of State. Gases: Introduction to Gas Laws, Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases, Applications of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases, General Behaviour of Gases, Van der Waals
Equation of State, Other Equations of State, Liquefaction of Gases, Critical Region and Critical Constants.
CHE 2201 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II
Phase Equilibria: Terminology, Phase Rule, Thermodynamics of Phase Changes in Univariant Systems, One Component Systems,
Two Component Systems, Raoult’s Law, Phase Diagrams and Distillation of Binary Systems, Phase Diagrams of Non-Ideal Mixtures,
Solid-Liquid Equilibria, Solid Solutions. Quantum Mechanics: Birth of Quantum Mechanics, Basic Principles of Quantum
Mechanics, Mathematical Aspects of Quantum Mechanics, Applications of Quantum Theory to Simple Systems. Chemical Kinetics.
CHE 1203 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Nomenclature of organic compounds, Alkyl halides, Substitution and elimination reactions, Free radical reactions, Alkenes and
alkynes, Electrocyclic reactions and cycloadditions, Aldehydes and ketones, Nucleophilic-additions, Carboxylic acids andtheir
derivatives, Enolates and carboanion building blocks for organic synthesis, Amines, Aromatic electrophilic substitution, Aromatic
nucleophilic Substitution, Benzyne mechanism, Carbanions, Carbenes.
CHE 1104 – INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Introduction to apparatus and equipment, Handling techniques. Entering and calculations, Qualitative and quantitative Inorganic
chemistry, Titrimetric methods, Microanalysis of Inorganic compounds, Halides, Carbonates, Sulphates and Metal ions.
CHE 1105 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Organic analysis: Identification of acidic, basic, phenolic, and neutral organic substances; Detection of nitrogen, sulfur and
halogens; Test for aliphatic and aromatic nature of substances; Test for saturation and unsaturation; Identification of functional
groups: carboxylic acids, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carbohydrates, amines, amides and halogen compounds.
1.2 SECOND YEAR
CHE 2201- PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II
Phase Equilibria: Terminology, Phase Rule, Thermodynamics of Phase Changes in Univariant Systems, One Component Systems,
Two Component Systems, Raoult’s Law, Phase Diagrams and Distillation of Binary Systems, Phase Diagrams of Non-Ideal Mixtures,
Solid-Liquid Equilibria, Solid Solutions. Quantum Mechanics: Birth of Quantum Mechanics, Basic Principles of Quantum
Mechanics, Mathematical Aspects of Quantum Mechanics, Applications of Quantum Theory to Simple Systems. Chemical Kinetics:
Basic concepts & terminology, Rate & order of a reaction, Factors Affecting the rate of a reaction, Complex reactions, Chain
reactions, Catalysis. Surface Chemistry: Surface properties, Liquid-gas interface, Gibbs adsorption isotherm, Solid–gas interface,
Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Colloid & macromolecular chemistry.
CHE 2202 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
Stereoisomerism: Optical and geometrical isomerism, Absolute and relative configurations, Asymmetric synthesis. Aromaticity,
Valence bond and Molecular Orbital approach, Arenes, Alkenyl benzenes, Polyphenyls, Aromatic substitution, Aromatic nitro
compounds, Aromatic sulphonic acid, Phenols and Quinones, Aromatic ethers, Aromatic carboxylic acids, Dyes.
CHE 2103 – ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Quantitative Analysis: Sampling procedures, sample population, significance of representative sampling, working curve, blank
solution, standard-addition technique, curve fitting, graphical analysis, Quality Control/Quality Assurance. Measurements and
errors in chemical analysis, Significant figures, Statistical treatment of data, Graphical analysis. Gravimetric calculations. Titration
curves. Theory of pH. Indicators and Buffers. Complexometric titrations. Chromatography: Paper chromatography, Thin layer
chromatography and gas chromatography
CHE 2104 – INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY
The macromolecules and chemical reactions of Life; amino acids and proteins, isoelectric points, primary secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary structure of proteins; protein folding and denaturation, hemoglobin structure and function, oxygen binding capacity
of Hb and Mb, Bohr effect; introduction to enzymes. Simple and complex carbohydrates; monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides (structural and storage polysaccharides, homo and hetero polysaccharides). Lipids and membranes,
phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, membrane mobility. Vitamins and cofactors, nucleotides and nucleic acids; structure of
DNA and RNA; ATP as a source of biochemical energy.
CHE 2205 – INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Coordination Chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature of transition metal complexes, Type of ligands, Coordination chemistry of metal
complexes, Isomers, Hybridization and geometry. Bonding theories of transition metal complexes, crystal field theory, ligand field
theory and molecular orbital theory. Jahn Teller theory and its applications. Variation in colour, Magnetic properties and reactivity
of coordination complexes. Solid state: Classification of Solids: Crystalline solids, amorphous solids, distinction between
crystalline and amorphous solids, molecular crystals (Van der Waals crystal), covalent crystals, ionic crystals. X-ray Diffraction:
Diffraction methods in the study of solids, Bragg equation, the use of x -rays in structural studies, single crystal and powder
diffraction methods in the determination of crystal systems, unit cell parameters, number of formula units in the unit cell,
application of powder diffraction data. Nuclear and radio chemistry: Atomic nucleus, radio isotopes, binding energy, nuclear
stability, radioactivity and decay, nuclear reactions, effects of radiation on matter.
CHE 2106 – SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Introduction to the use of spectroscopic/spectrometric methods in structure elucidation, electromagnetic radiation and
absorption spectroscopy. Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy: Electronic excitations of molecules, effect of conjugation,
chromophores, auxochromes and solvent effects, Woodward-Fieser rules and Beer Lambert law. Infrared spectroscopy: Modes
of fundamental vibrations, IR active, force constant, vibration coupling, Fermi resonance and absorption characteristics of
functional groups, fingerprint region and instrumentation. NMR Spectroscopy: Nuclear precession, NMR Spectrometer, 1H- NMR,
Chemical shift and its measurement, Factors influencing chemical shift, Long range coupling, First order splitting, Chemical
exchange and splitting, Coupling constants and molecular structure. Mass spectrometry: Molecular ion, important fragmentation
pathways, rearrangements of molecular ions, McLafferty rearrangement, isotopic peaks, metastable peaks, mass spectrometer
and various ionization techniques in mass spectrometry – Electro spray ionization.
CHE 2107 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Organic synthesis. Separation techniques: Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography and
organic synthesis, Solvent Extraction, Analysis of IR, UV, NMR, Mass and AA spectra.
CHE 2108 – PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Analytical calculations, sampling, types of errors, precision, accuracy, standard deviation, error propagation, Q-test, confidential
limits, graphical methods, reaction kinetics, phase equilibrium and electrochemistry: conductometry, potentiometry and
colorimetry.
1.3 THIRD YEAR
CHE 3201 – INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC MATERIALS
Glass Industry: Raw materials and manufacture of glass; Chemistry involved in the production of glass; Types of glass; Glassy state
phenomena and annealing of glass; Production of safety glasses, thermodynamics of glass formation, kinetics of crystallization
and glass formation; Heat treatment of glasses, general properties and their applications. Ceramics Industry: Raw materials used
in the ceramic industry; Chemistry involved in the production of ceramic articles and wares; Types and classification of ceramic
products; Manufacture of ceramic products, purpose and methods of glazing. Cement Industry: Raw materials used for cement
production; Chemistry involved in the production of cement; Manufacture of cement by wet and dry processes; Types of cement
and composition of clinker. Chemistry involved in the setting and hardening of cement and quality control in cement. Gem
minerals: Optical properties: polarization, refraction, chemical characteristics, colour in gemstones. Dispersion, ‘fire’ and
diffraction, colouring elements; allochromatic and idiochromatic materials. Origin of colour in gem materials; luminescence;
Pleochroism; the dichroscope, Absorption spectra: alexandrite, emerald, enstatite, peridotite, Sin halite, ruby, blue sapphire;
analytical techniques for gem testing; Artificial and synthetic gems and different treatment methods of gems. Ilmenite and
extraction of TiO2. Graphite: Characteristic properties of graphite, chemical composition, structure, flake graphite, vein graphite
and amorphous graphite, world market of natural graphite. Spectroscopic techniques for identification, Applications: pencil,
crucible, batteries, lubricants, paints etc. Synthetic graphite, Value addition to graphite in Sri Lanka: graphene technology.
Fertilizers: Raw materials, types of fertilizers, nitrogenous, phosphates, potassium and mixed complex fertilizers, manufacturing
processes – phosphate rocks as raw material for manufacturing P-fertilizer, super-phosphates, rhenania-phosphates, ammonia,
urea. Industrial pollutants and industrial safety.
CHE 3202 – ADVANCED BIOCHEMISTRY
Enzymes: function, modes of catalysis, Michaelis-Menten kinetics, inhibition (competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive),
analysis of kinetic data (Lineweaver-Burke and Eadie-Hofstee plots), kinetics schemes for two-substrate enzyme reactions.
Transport across membranes – mechanisms and energetics. Metabolism: overview, role of ATP, role of cofactors in certain
reactions (explained as needed); use of isotope labelling in studying metabolic pathways; glycolysis, citric acid cycle, respiration,
pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, photosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, beta-oxidation of
fatty acids, outline of amino-acid biosynthesis and degradation. Central dogma of Biology: overview of the process of translating
DNA coded information into proteins. Basic separation techniques in Biochemistry: methods of disintegration of tissues/cells,
separation of sub-cellular organelles, solvent and salt precipitation, paper & thin layer chromatography; column chromatmolecular sieving, affinity, ion exchange; electrophoresis with some practical applications and ultracentrifugation.
CHE 3203 – CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS
Polymer Structure: Definition of polymer, difference between polymers and macromolecules, classification of polymers, degree
of polymerization, nomenclature and tacticity, basic structure of polymers (linear and branched polymers; moderately cross
linked polymers), molecular forces and chemical bonding in polymers. Physical chemistry of polymers: Number average,
molecular weight average, Z-average and viscosity average molecular weight, distribution of molecular weight, determination of
molecular weight by end group analysis, osmotic pressure measurement, light scattering, viscosity measurement, Mark-HouwinkSakurada relationship, Huggins and Kramer equation, polymer solutions, concept of solubility parameters, Flory-Huggins Theory,
theta conditions and temperature, amorphous and crystalinity, determination of thermal transitions. Polymerization: Types of
Polymerization – (a) Step-growth (condensation) polymerization: Mechanism and kinetics of stepwise polymerization,
polydispersity index, statistic molecular weight control, (b) Radical chain (addition) polymerization: Mechanism, initiation,
propagation, termination, kinetics and thermodynamics of radical polymerization, radical life time, degree of polymerization and
chain transfer, ceiling temperature, (c) Cationic and ionic polymerization: similarities and contrasts in ionic polymerization,
mechanism and kinetics of cationic anionic polymerization, living polymers; Radiation and photo-polymerization. Preparation,
Properties and Uses: Phenol-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins,
polyester polyamide, polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, polyesters, polycarbonates and polymethyl methacrylate. Biological
Polymerization: Introduction, nucleic acid, protein, enzymes, silk, wool, collagen, biopolymer from renewable resources,
polysaccharide, starch, chitin/chitosan and alginate. Polymer Technology: Fibers – Introduction, production, textile fibers, Natural
fibers; Plastic: overview, processing, thermoset/thermoplastic and polymer blends. Chemistry of Natural rubber: Latex collection
& purification, materials used in rubber product manufacture and compounding of dry rubber, chemistry of other important
rubbers such as neoprene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, synthetic rubbers and elastomers; Vulcanization (crosslinking) of rubber
(vulcanizing agents and systems), effect of temperature and time on cross-linking, types of crosslinks and relevance to properties;
Measurement of cure characteristics and Vulcanizate properties.
CHE 3204 – FOOD CHEMISTRY
Water in food dispersed systems (structure of water and its physical properties, water activity, properties of solutions, moisture
sorption, water diffusion, capillary condensation and phase transition). Amino acids, peptides and proteins (denaturation of
proteins, solubility and water binding, emulsifying, foaming & gelation, viscosity, texturization & fiber formation; extrusion),
ninhydrin reaction, essential amino acids, curd formation and buffering action of proteins. Carbohydrates and their functional
properties (crystallization, muta-rotation, caramelization, gelation, polyols and properties, starch and modified starch,
hemicelluloses, pectosans & cyclodextrins, pectines, dietary fibers). Lipids (nomenclature and classification of saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids, physical and chemical properties, chemical reactions, lipid oxidation and role of antioxidants). Fatty acids
and triglycerides, analysis of oils and fats, sources and extraction of oils and fats, fat splitting techniques, oils and fats in the food
industry, manufacture of margarine, mayonnaise and ice cream, physical aspects of emulsions, solubilization and stabilization.
Vitamins(classification of fat-soluble and water soluble vitamins, biological role, requirement, occurrence, stability, degradation).
Enzymes (isolation and nomenclature, catalysis, specificity, structure, enzyme cofactors, enzyme kinetics, factors influencing
enzyme reactions, food modification by enzymes, immobilized enzymes in food processing). Minerals (Uses of main elements
sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorides and phosphorus. Food additives (chemistry of food additives: antimicrobial
agents & antioxidants, acids and bases, chemical leavening systems, buffer systems and salts, chelating agents and their
functions). Food flavours (different tastes, natural compounds & their chemistry, artificial sweeteners and their activity). Food
Analysis (determination of moisture content, ash, protein, amino acid profile, fat, fatty acid composition, saponification number,
iodine number, carbohydrates, energy).
CHE 3205 – ADVANCED INROGANIC CHEMISTRY I
Electronic Spectra of Coordinated Complexes: Energy levels of atoms, Russell Saunders coupling, fine structure, Zeeman and
Stark effect; Ligand Field Theory – Molecular Orbital Theory, Orgel diagrams; Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes –
spectroscopic terms, selection rules for electronic spectra of transition metal complexes, structural effects; Inorganic reaction
mechanisms: Electron transfer reactions between octahedral complexes – inner-sphere & outer-sphere mechanisms and noncomplementary electron transfer reactions. Oragnotransition Metal Chemistry: Introduction: Fundamentals for the
organometallic chemistry – concepts of electronegative, electropositive, electron density, electron rich and electron deficient,
Lewis dot structures and valences electron counts, trends in periodic table and general trends in periodic table, metal catalysis
definition and function; Importance of organotransition metal chemistry, classification of ligands according to the number of
electrons donated; The 18 and 16 electron rule, coordinative unsaturation; oxidation state formulation; Hapticity (ηn), geometry
of transition metal complexes vs coordination number and electron configuration (dn); Metal-Ligand bonding: Ligands include
CO, N2, olefins, acetylenes, NO, group VB donors, isocyanides, carbenes, carbynes, allyls, cyclobutadienes, cyclopentadienes and
benzene; Magnetic properties: types of magnetic behaviour; spin-only formula; Magnetic susceptibility, coupling, correlation of
µs and µeff values; Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes. Catalysis and Reaction Mechanisms of Organotransition
Metal Complexes: Reactive patters: Oxidative additions, insertion reactions-migratory insertions of ligands, reductive
elimination, association, dissociation, substitution, elimination (α, β, γ, δ, ε) and oxidative coupling; Reactivity of coordinated
ligands – electrophillic and nucleophillic attack; Homogeneous Catalysis: General remarks, olefin isomerisation, olefin
hydrogenation, hydroformylation reaction, Monsanto acetic acid synthesis, water gas shift reaction, hydrosilation and
hydrocyanation of unsaturated compounds, hydration of alkenes, polymerization of olefins, olefin metathesis.
CHE 3206 – CHEMICAL AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Overview of Chemical industry: Role and Development of the Chemical Industry; Characteristics of the Industry: World’s major
chemical industries and their research and development, organizational structures, technological economics. Requirements to
establish a chemical industry. Theory of chemical Industry: Thermodynamics and chemical kinetics of industrial processes.
Stoichiometry, extent of a chemical reaction, conversion, yield and selectivity; Complex flow sheets: Mass and Energy transfer.
Ficks laws of diffusion and their industrial application. Reactor theory. Batch reactor, continuous stirred reactor (CSTR), Plug flow
reactor (PFR) and Hybrid reactors. Industrial Catalysts: Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and their industrial
applications, poisoning of catalysts, Theory of Industrial reactor designs. Current advances in chemical industry. Next generation
industry: Theoretical aspects of reactor disasters, Industrial safety and Environmental protection. Green industrial technology.
CHE 3207 – ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Dynamic electrochemistry: Concepts of equilibrium potential, Polarization and over potential; concentration and activation
polarization, polarizability of the interface, equilibrium exchange current density, rate of electron transfer, effect of potential,
Corrosion and the Stability of Metals: Mechanisms of corrosion, thermodynamics of corrosion and the stability of metals, pourbaix
diagrams; Ni-H2O, Fe-H2O and Al-H2O systems; Kinetics of corrosion: Corrosion current and corrosion potentials, mixed potential
theory of corrosion; Uses of Evan’s diagrams for understanding of corrosion: Corrosion reaction under cathodic control, corrosion
reaction under anodic control, corrosion reaction under diffusion control, passivation. Determination of rate of corrosion by
corrosion current; Corrosion of different forms: Galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, erosion corrosion, stress
corrosion, hydrogen damage, corrosion control methods; Inhibitors: anodic, cathodic and mixed inhibitors, Cathodic protection:
sacrificial anode method, impressed current method; Anodic protection: Galvanic protection and impressed current protection.
Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion devices: Terminology related to energy conversion and storage: Primary,
secondary and fuel cells; Primary batteries: Examples for them; Secondary batteries: lead acid battery etc., lithium batteries,
nickel cadmium batteries, thermodynamic of batteries; Fuel cells: hydrogen oxygen cell, hydrogen air cell, bio-enzymatic fuel
cells. Photo Electrochemical (PEC) cells, photovoltaic cell of first, second, third and fourth generation, hybrid solar cell.
Electrochemistry in Industry: Industrial electrolysis and electrosynthesis; Chloro alkali process, metal extraction, metal finishing
electrodialysis and its applications. Electrocatalysis and electrosynthesis; hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions,
electrocatalytic hydrogenation, rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries, corrosion reactions, water electrolysis,
electrosynthesis of selected organic compounds. Electrodeposition; current efficiency, deposit thickness, atomistic aspects of
electrodeposition, pulse deposition techniques, Electroplating: Requirements for electroplating, mechanism of electrtroplating.
Electro-polymerization; Polyaniline, polythiophene, applications of conducting polymers. Electrochemical technology in water
treatment: The advantages and limitations of electrochemical technology; Metal ion removal from process solutions,
regeneration of chromic acid electroplating baths; Electro coagulation technique for the removal of excess fluoride and hardness
in water.
CHE 3208 – ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry: Composition and structure of atmosphere; Chemistry of the stratosphere and
troposphere, both in the gas phase and in and on particles; Formation of aerosols; Sources, transport, and fate of pollutants;
Lifetimes of chemical compounds, radicals and radical families; Gas phase and heterogeneous chemistry; Atmospheric circulation
and its implications for the transport and mixing of atmospheric pollution; The climate system including discussion of the
greenhouse gases, both natural and anthropogenic; Effects of air pollution on climate, water and soil. Sampling and analytical
techniques for air. Aquatic Environmental Chemistry: The dissolved CO2 system in natural waters, alkalinity, total C, buffering,
alkalinity and titrations, precipitation and dissolution, mineral solubility and the Gibbs phase rule, complexation, redox reactions,
pe and Eh, Water quality parameters, sampling of water, health aspects of pollution of water, analytical techniques for water
quality; Interaction with soil (agricultural soil pollution and eutrophication) and measurements in water pollution; Irrigation water
quality: Salinity/electrical conductivity, Na absorption ratio (SAR), effect of adjusted sodium absorption ratio, adjusted RNa and
the permeability of soil and levels of Cl-
, carbonates, nitrates/N, sulphates, borates and phosphates. Environmental Soil
Chemistry: The classification of common pollutants in soils. Soil pollution in relation to soil functioning, fate and effects of
pollutants in soil environments. Detailed insight into the chemistry of soils including specific surface of soil minerals, surface
charge of soil minerals, chemistry of soil organic matter, soil solution-solid phase equilibrium, sorption phenomena on soils,
bioavailability, Ion exchange process, reaction at limited sites, bioavailability, degradation, transport and biological/toxicological
effects in soil. Introduction to Biogeochemistry: Biogeochemistry in Freshwater; Wetlands lakes and Oceans; Primary production
and nutrient cycling in lakes, lake budgets, and climatic change, aquatic; The basics redox reactions in natural environments.
CHE 3209 – NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY
Introduction to Natural products: Chemically active natural compounds, Natural sources and uses, Naturally derived medicines.
Carbohydrates: Classification, structures and reactions of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides. Amino Acids,
Peptides and Proteins: classification, Zwitterion, Levels of protein structure, reactions of amino acids, peptides, structure
elucidation of peptides, N-terminal identification, Carboxy terminal identification, Synthesis of Amino Acids. Terpenes:
classification and biosynthesis of terpenes, reaction, formation of geranyl pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate and squalene.
Steroids: introduction, types of steroids, corticosteroids, estrogens and progestogens, androgens, synthetic steroid, biosynthesis
of cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids, corticosteroids, sex hormones, reactions of steroids. Alkaloids: Introduction and
classification, distribution, extraction, purification and isolation of alkaloids, synthesis of nicotine, quinine. reactions of alkaloids.
CHE 3210 – RESEARCH PROJECT
The course consists of research work at the bench with a selected supervisor, submission of a final research report and some
lectures on research methodology, literature search and how to write a final research report. The supervisor can be from the
internal academic staff of Rajarata University of Sri Lanka or from a recognized research institute. Students are free to choose a
research topic based on their research interests with the help of a supervisor. Some research topics will be made available by the
academics. In order to approve the proposed project, it should be primarily chemically-based. At the end of the semester, the
student must submit a comprehensive report of the work accomplished to the head of the department with the approval of the
research adviser. Grade will be awarded based on the report and the final presentation.
CHE 3311 – ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Separation and spectroscopic methods: Colorimetric and Spectrophotometric Methods: Principles of colorimetric and
spectrophotometric methods, combined Beer-Lambert law and its application in UV-Vis spectroscopy, deviations of Beer-Lambert
law, matrix effects and corrections. Atomic Spectrometric Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Emission
spectroscopy, flame emission spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry (Inductive Couple Plasma), applications in
quantitative analysis. Ion-exchange Methods. Solvent Extraction: Distribution coefficient, distribution ratio, factors favouring
solvent extraction, quantitative treatment of solvent extraction equilibria, synergistic extraction, ion association complexes,
extraction reagents, solvent extraction of metals. Chromatographic Methods: Principles of paper chromatography (PC), thin layer
chromatography (TLC), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), Ion chromatography (IC), high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and Column chromatography. Electro-Analytical Chemistry: Ion selective electrodes, electro-gravimetry and Coulometric
Methods of Analysis: Current voltage relationship during electrolysis, ohmic potential drop, concentration polarization, kinetic
polarization, over potential; Coulometry: Chemical analysis using polarography and its limitations; Modified polarographic
techniques: Normal and differential pulse polagraphy and square wave polarography. Analytical Techniques in Biochemical
Analysis: Methods of disintegration of tissues/ cells, Separation of sub-cellular organelles, Solvent and salt precipitation, Column
chromatography, HPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), spectrofluorometry, Electrophoresis with some practical
applications, Ultracentrifugation. Nuclear Analytical Techniques.
CHE 3213- INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
Metallurgy and Alloys: Occurrence of metals, basic concepts of metallurgy, classification of metallurgical processes,
concentration of ores, extraction of metals, hydro-metallurgy, pyro-metallurgy, refining (e.g.: extraction of Al, Cu, Mg, Zn, Fe, Ti),
Thermodynamics of the oxidation of metals to metal oxides, Ellingham diagrams and their applications in metal extraction.
Allotropic forms of iron, Cast Iron: Iron-Iron carbide and iron-carbon phase diagrams, transformations resulting into white cast
iron, grey cast iron, malleable cast iron, S. G. iron, alloy cast iron; correlation of properties to their microstructures and
applications; Alloy steels, effect of alloying elements on steel properties. Heat Treatment of Steels: Time-TemperatureTransformation diagram, isothermal and continuous transformations; Austenitic grain size control/grain refinement, study of
effects like temper-brittleness, overheating and burning of steels study of heat-treatment processes with heat treatment cycles
for plain C steels such as different types of annealing. Applications of above processes for the industrial practices; Non-ferrous
alloys, Al-Cu alloys, Al-Si alloys, Mg-Al alloys, Ti and its alloys, Ni based alloys and alloys for high temperature applications.
Petroleum chemistry: Occurrence and origin of petroleum, oil exploration, production of petroleum from tar sands, oil shale and
crude oil, refining and classification of refinery products, tests for petroleum products, cracking of petroleum, octane rating
and methods of upgrading, petrochemicals, products from carbon black, production of alkanes and aromatics, products
from alkanes, aromatics and olefins, naphtha: polystyrene and production of range of plastics, the impact of the petroleum
industry on the environment.
CHE 3215 – HETEROCYCLIC AND SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Heterocyclic Chemistry: Classes of heterocycles and heteroaromatic compounds, systems of nomenclature, aromaticity of 5- and
6-membered heterocycles, comparisons with benzene. Properties, synthesis, and reactions of pyridine, the diazines, quinoline
and isoquinoline, pyrrole, thiophene, and furan, other 5-membered heterocycles, indole, purines. Synthetic Organic Chemistry.
Retrosynthetic analysis, disconnections, synthons, and transforms. Synthesis of C-C bonds: simple approaches (alcohols from
Grignard reagents and carbonyls, acetylide anions, aromatics); acid-base properties of organic molecules, generation of
carbanions by deprotonation, umpolung, carbanion alkylations; use of aldol and Claisen condensations, conjugate additions,
cuprates, strategies for synthesizing 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-dioxygenated systems; synthesis of C=C double bonds, 3-, 4-, 5-, and
6-membered carbocyclic rings, Diels-Alder reaction, synthesis of C-N bonds and C-O bonds (functional group interconversions);
oxidations and reductions; use of protecting groups.
CHE 3216 – ADVANCED ANALYTICAL AND ENVIRAMENTAL CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Calibration of glassware, direct measuring instruments and analytical instruments. Use of spectrometers; UV-visible, atomic
emission and atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Electro-analtycal instruments (voltammeters, ion selective electrodes) and
chromatographic equipment (gas chromatograph and liquid chromatograph) from analysis of natural samples. Use of basic
software packages for data processing and reporting of analytical results. Conditional effects on titrimetry and gravimetry, nonaqueous titrations. Techniques of environmental sample collection, sample preparation and sample storage. Study of inorganic
and organic chemical properties of natural and wastewaters. Study of processes of generation, propagation and transformation
of environmental pollutants in the geosphere and biosphere, Investigations on pollution mitigation methods.
CHE 3217 – ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Synthesis and analysis of the coordination complexes, UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy of coordination complexes, characterization
of synthesized organometalic compounds by UV-Visible, FTIR and voltammetry.
CHE 3218 – ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
Phytochemical screening of natural products; chemical tests for the detection of natural products (carbohydrates, tannins,
alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, terpenes and flavonoids), semi-micro scale multi-step synthesis of organic compounds,
microwave synthesis of heterocyclic organic compounds, isolation, purification, quantification and characterization of natural
products using chromatographic techniques (normal and reversed phase TLC, normal and reversed phase column
chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, GC, HPLC, 1D, 2D NMR, IR, mass spectrometry etc), bioassay guided
fractionation of natural products, chemical modification and synthesis of potentially active drugs.
CHE 3219 – ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY – LABORATORY
The experiments involved are in Thermodynamics of solution Chemistry; calculation of Gibbs Free Energy change of mixing,
construction of phase diagram for a ternary system, Electrode potentials; Redox titrations, determination of thermodynamic
parameters by electrode potential measurements, Voltammetric studies; cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, Reaction
Kinetics, Semiconductor Electrochemistry; construction of dye-sensitized solar cell, Molecular Spectroscopy, computer-assisted
data acquisition and analysis, plot a function using Excel, plotting the solutions to the 1-D and 2-D Schrödinger equation.
CHE 3120 – CALCULATIONS IN CHEMISTRY
Coordinate Systems: Cartesian and polar coordinates in two and three dimensions; solids and surfaces. Complex numbers:
Theory of complex numbers, Argand diagrams, de Moivre’s theorem, Euler formula, complex conjugates. Techniques in
integration: Standard integrals, boundary conditions and definite integrals; Gaussian integrals; method of change of variables,
integration by parts. Differential equations: Introduction to differential equations; examples of differential equations in
Chemistry, e.g., Newtonian and Hamiltonian mechanics, angular momentum, quantum mechanics, chemical kinetics and
thermodynamics, transport phenomena, exponential growth and decay; techniques for solution, separation of variables,
eigenfunctions and eigenvalues; first and second order linear differential equations; partial differential equations, differential
operators in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Infinite series: Simple arithmetic and geometric series; convergence; Taylor series
and their applications. Probability: Introduction to probability theory; probability distributions (normal (Gaussian), Poisson,
binomial, and Boltzmann).
CHE 3121 – INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Training in a research institute/ industry relevant to the chemistry special degree programme for a period of 4-6 weeks, under a
professional supervision; Hands on experience in all aspects in functioning of an organization, Application of knowledge and skills
in work place situations, Adherence to protocols, Quality management and standards, Management structure and legal
framework of an organization.
CHE 3222 – ELECTRONICS AND IT FOR CHEMISTRY
Analogue Electronics: Law of Electricity; Ohm’s, Kirchhoff’s and power laws, voltage dividers, current splitters, direct current,
voltage and resistance measurement, errors in voltage measurement. Alternative Current Circuits; Sinusoidal signals, inductive
and capacitor reactance, series RC circuits, current change in RC circuits, phase relation, impedance in RC circuits, low pass and
high pass filters based on RC circuits, basics of chemical impedance spectroscopy. Semiconductor devices; Transistor biasing and
transistor as an amplifier, voltage gain, transistor as a switch, Introduction to field effect transistors, JFETs and MOSFETs.
Operational amplifiers; Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, comparators, current followers, summing amplifiers, op-amp
based electronic ammeters and voltmeters, semiconductor device applications in chemical industry. Digital Electronics: Analog
and digital signals, binary numbers, digital-to-analog converters, analog-to digital converters; Basic logic gates, introduction to
logic families, logic operators and Boolean laws, designing of combinational logic circuits, map methods, construction of a half
adder and full adder circuits and Interfacing methods, Chemical electronic sensors. Information Technology in Chemistry: Spread
sheet application: High resolution chemical drawing software QA/QC software, Symbolic mathematical software for chemical
application and electronic laboratory book (Mathermatica, TM), Chemical data processing software.
1.4 FOURTH YEAR
CHE 4201 – COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
Molecular Mechanics: Force fields, potential energy functions, inter and intramolecular interactions, empirical parameters;
Molecular mechanics calculations, energy minimization, conformational analysis, common force fields and their limitations Lab;
CHARMM. Molecular Dynamics: Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulation methods – Importance sampling and
Metropolis sampling, application in molecular dynamics, MD methods calculation of thermo parameters in simple system,
diffusion coefficients, conductivity, pKa. Ab initio Methods: HF-Roothan hall equation, basic function and basic sets [up to 6-311
G, d, f], introduction to electron correlations, calculation of electron density, electrostatic potential, etc. Semi Empirical Methods:
Introduction and need for semi-empirical methods, CNDO, NDO, MNDO, AM 1, ZDO approximation, comparison of results with
ab initio methods for simple chemical systems. Density Functional Theory: Density functional theory vs Hartree-Fock methods,
modelling methods in solid state, recent advances in the field of quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics methods, etc.
Practical: Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, ab initio, semi empirical methods, density functional theory.
CHE 4202 – ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY I
Electrochemistry: Ion-solvent interaction – Expression for ΔH and ΔS and ΔG of ion-solvent interaction, experimental verification
of Born Model, ion-dipole model of ion-solvent interaction and expression for heat of solvation, ion-ion interaction – true and
potential electrolytes, Debye-Huckel (ion-cloud) theory of ion-ion interactions, limiting and extended forms of Debye-Huckel
equation; activity coefficients and ion-ion interaction. Electrode-Electrolyte Interface: Thermodynamics of ideally polarizable and
non-polarizable interfaces- Lippmann equation; determination of interfacial tension, charge density, surface excess and double
layer capacitance by electrocapillary method – Helmholtz, Gouy-Chapman and Stern models of the double layer with discussion
of potential and charge distribution inside the double layer-contact adsorption and its determination; Bockris, Devanathan and
Muller model of the double-layer. Electrode Kinetics: Butler-Volmer equation and high field & low field approximations, charge
transfer resistance and polarizability of the interface, concepts of rate determining step, determination of kinetics parameters
(io, ks, α) by linear polarization methods, Tafel plots, mass transfer-controlled electrode kinetics. Transport phenomena –
Migration, diffusion, convection and coupled transport in an electric field, Faradaic current and non-Faradaic current, electrolytic
polarization, dissolution and decomposition potential, overvoltage – hydrogen and oxygen overvoltage, Applications; Cyclic
voltammetry: Definition of reversibility, charging currents, chronoamperometry: cottrell equation, pulse methods, convection
methods, rotating disk and ring-disk voltammetry. Photochemistry: Interaction of radiation with matter, photo chemical
reactions and their difference with thermal reaction law of photo chemistry, Grotthuss-Drapper law, Stark Einstein law, Lambert
law, Beer’s law; Organic photochemistry – Selection rules for electronic excitation; Electronic states, quantum yield, excitation
sources, filters, fluorescence and phosphorescence; Jablanski diagram, singlet and triplet excited states, chemiluminescence,
quenching of excited state, quantum yield, lifetime of excited state, selective quenching, triplet quenchers, energy transfer, triplet
sensitization, Stern-Volmer kinetics, LASER, Mechanism of photochemical reactions: Excitation, excited states, primary photolysis,
reactive intermediates, secondary reactions; Study of photochemical reactions of carbonyl compounds: Norrish type I and II
reactions, photooxidations, photoreductions, photocycloadditions and photorearrangements.
CHE 4203 – SURFACE AND COLLOIDAL CHEMISTRY
Surfaces and Interfaces: Introduction to surface phenomena, the definition of a surface and an interface, absorption and
adsorption, surface tension, surface free energy, contact angle, effects of solutes and temperature on surface tension, surface
pressure; The Kelvin equation and its applications, vapour pressure above curved surfaces, super cooling and super heating;
Comparative description of physisorption and chemisorption, sticking probability and condensation coefficient, adsorption
theories, the measurement of surface and interfacial tension, the Gibbs equation, surface activity and surfactants, spreading and
wetting, monolayers; Adsorption isotherms, isobars and isosteres, Gibbs adsorption isotherm and its application, Langmuir
adsorption isotherm and its application, introduction to multilayer adsorption; Determination of surface areas and molecular
cross sections, use of Langmuir trough method, monomolecular films, equation of state for an ideal surface film and molecular
areas. Contact Angles and Wetting: Definition of the contact angle, the phenomenon of wetting; Hydrophobicity and
superhydrophobicity, Young’s equation, the measurement of the contact angle; Cassie-Baxter model and Wenzel’s model, the
critical surface tension. Micelles and Surfactants: Classification and purification, stability of colloids, zeta potential, isoelectric
point, industrial applications, macromolecules and micelles, foams and emulsions; Definition of surfactants, Structures of
different surfactants, the definition of the critical micelle concentration, the energetics of micelle formation, models of micelle
formation, applications of surfactants – detergent formulations. Emulsions and foams. An Introduction and application to the
Colloidal State.
CHE 4204 – ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
Bioinorganic Chemistry: Introduction: Metals in biological systems and their role, metalloproteins & metalloenzymes, speciation
and specificity of metal complexes in vivo; Dioxygen carriers – haemoglobin, myoglobin, haemocyanins and nature of haem
dioxygen binding; Transition metals in biological redox reactions: General mechanism of electron transfer, blue copper proteins,
iron sulphur proteins, photosynthesis pathway; Distribution and functions of metals in vivo – Chemistry and biochemistry of
nitrogen fixation; Environmental bioinorganic chemistry: Delivery of traces of elements to human, therapeutic uses of metals,
ligands & complexes, metal induced toxicity and chelation therapy. Spectroscopic techniques: NMR spectroscopy of spin ½ nuclei
of 19F,31P and spin > ½ such as 14N and 11B, electron spin resonance (ESR), nuclear quadruple resonance (NQR), Mossbauar
spectroscopy and their applications in structure elucidation of inorganic and organometallic compounds. Inorganic polymers:
Chemistry, preparation, characterization and applications of Zeolite, silicones, fullerenes etc.
CHE 4206 – NANOCHEMISTRY
Introduction and classification: Milestone of the development of nanotechnology, Nature’s Nanotechnology, lotus effect, Swans
feathers etc. Nanoscale architecture; Summary of the electronic properties of atoms and solids – Isolated atom, bonding between
atoms, giant molecular solids, the free electron model and energy bands, electronic conduction; Effects of the nanometre length
scale – Changes to the system total energy, changes to the system structure, how nanoscale dimensions affect properties, the
size dependence of optical properties and concepts of super hydrophobicity, relationship between the surface area effect and
quantum mechanical effects, basic mathematics related to the properties observed in nanoparticles. Nanochemistry: Preparation
methods: Bottom-up synthesis and top-down approach – precipitation, self-assembly and self-organization to design functional
structures in 1D, 2D or 3D structures; Principles and Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Growth and Stabilization: Thermodynamics of
phase transitions and fundamentals of nucleation growth. Carbon Nanostructures – Introduction; Carbon molecules – nature of
the carbon bond, new carbon structures; Carbon clusters -structure of C60, alkali doped C60, electrical, vibrational and mechanical
properties of fullerenes. Nano fabrication; Thin films; electrodeposition, physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition,
spray pyrolysis, lithography; optical, X-ray, electron beam. Applications of nanomaterials: Nanomaterials for Alternative Energy:
Nanomaterials as electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Nanoclusters in Hydrogen Storage, solar cells, gas sensors, Nanomaterials for
biotechnology; Nanomaterials for Drug delivery systems, Biosensor, Biomedical applications, Antimicrobial activity and Protein
chromatography, Self-cleaning; super hydrophobicity, photocatalytic, Nanomaterials for environmental remediation and possible
health impact of nanomaterials.
CHE 4307 – ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY II
Statistical Thermodynamics : Overview of thermodynamics and its importance and utility; Molecular energy levels from quantum
mechanics; Definition of basic concepts and derivations of: Quantum mechanical picture of a system of non-interacting and
interacting particles, distinguishable and indistinguishable particles, Stirling’s approximation, statistical entropy, configuration
and statistical weights, Boltzmann distribution, molecular partition function, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einsteinstatistics; Relationship
between macroscopic properties of a system and its possible configurations. Molecular Reaction Dynamics: Introduction:
Drawbacks of Arrhenius theory, the kinetic theory of collision for bimolecular gas phase reactions, relationship between critical
energy and the activation energy, probability factor; Activated complex theory, vibrational mode along the reaction coordinate,
thermodynamic interpretation of the overall rate constant, application of activated complex theory; Theories of unimolecular
reactions: Lindermann theory, The [M]½ value of the unimolecular reactions, weaknesses of Lindemann theory, calculation of k
value from Hinshelwood modification, the treatment of Rice-Ramsperger and Kassel, energized complex, Slater’s treatment, Rice
–Ramsperger-Kassel (RRK model), modification by Marcus (RRKM theory); Liquid phase reactions: Theory of diffusion – Controlled
reactions, the theory of absolute reaction rates, activation controlled reactions influence of solvent in liquid phase reactions;
Effect of ionic strength and pressure on reaction rates in solutions and Study of fast reactions in solutions. Advanced Quantum
Mechanics: Theorems of quantum mechanics; Hermitian operators, expansions in terms of eigenfunctions, commuting operators
and parity, measurements and superposition states, postulates of quantum mechanics (re-visit), interpretations of quantum
mechanics; Many-electron atoms; Molecular Hamiltonian, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, variation principle, potential
energy surface, electronic Hamiltonian, Huckel molecular orbital theory, the Hatree and Hatree-Fock methods; Self-consistency,
spin-orbit interactions, Condon-Slater rules, introduction to perturbation theory; Electron correlation.
CHE 4308 – ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Pollutants in the Environment: Introduction to environmental organic and inorganic chemicals, Background thermodynamics,
emphasizing phase equilibria and the use of chemical fugacity in modelling phase equilibria, Vapour pressure of organic
chemicals, Aqueous solubility of organic chemicals and activity coefficients in water, Air-water partitioning, Organic solvent-water
partitioning; Toxicology of Pesticides: Types of exposure, terminology used in toxicology studies, measurement of toxicity levels,
classifications of pesticides according to toxicity levels. Reaction Kinetics and modelling: Introductions to kinetics of chemical
transformation in the environment; Complex reaction kinetics; Characteristic time scales; Kinetics at interfaces; Sources of
kinetics and mechanistic information; Formulation and calibration of environmental reaction kinetics; Catalysis in different
environmental compartments; Linear free energy and structure activity relationships and fate of environmental chemicals;
Kinetics of metal complex formation; Chemical transformations of organic pollutants in the environment; Adsorption kinetics
and heterogeneous electron transfer mechanisms; Kinetics of colloid systems. Chemical aspects of waste treatment and
management: Water Treatment: Demand calculations and forecasting, Design of intake structures & pumping, Process design
concepts on major treatment units: Aeration, Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration, Disinfections (Chlorination, UV,
Ozonization), water softening, Application of advanced treatment methods; demineralization, Ultra filtration, Reverse osmosis,
Colour & odour removal by activated carbon, Iron removal. Inter-relations between water source management, quality of raw
water & choose of treatment processes. Design of transmission and distribution systems including water quality management
for ensuring safe drinking water quality. Applicable water quality standards. Wastewater engineering: Preliminary & Primary
Treatment: Quantity & Quality of sewage generated, Impact of Future growth & development & change in quality of life on
sewage quality & quantity. Industrial Wastewater: Selection of appropriate unit operations for the treatment and flow chart of
wastewater treatment plant for dairy pulp &paper, electroplating. Biotechnology & Waste Management: Application of
biotechnology for the Treatment of Primary & secondary sludge. Different model of anaerobic digestion by combination of
attached & suspended growth.
CHE 4309 – ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Physical organic chemistry: Correlation of Structure with Reactivity; Quantitative treatments of the effects of structures on
reactivity; the use of σ, σ, o, σ +, σ- values; reaction constant ρ and its significance. Methods of studying organic reactions:
Identification of reaction products, intermediates, trapping of intermediates, isotopic labeling, nucleophilicity and solvent effects,
leaving groups, steric effects, substituent effects, neighboring group participation. Addition and elimination reactions solvent
polarity, review of kinetics, energetics, Arrhenius theory, Eyring transition state theory, kinetic/thermodynamic control, kinetic
isotope effect, Hammett plots, Hammond’s postulate, Curtin-Hammett principle, linear free energy relationships. Pericyclic
Reactions: Introduction; Types of pericyclic reaction: Cycloaddition, electrocyclic reactions, sigmatropic reactions; Interaction
diagrams: Aromaticity, antiaromaticity, Huckel systems, Mobius systems, Dewar-Huckel-Zimmerman aromatic transition state
concept; Molecular orbitals, molecular orbitals of conjugated polyenes and allyl systems, correlation diagrams, concept of HOMO
and LUMO – Fukui frontier orbital approach, Woodward-Hoffmann rules, selection rules and stereochemistry of electrocyclic
reactions, cycloadditions and sigmatropic shifts – applications of frontier molecular orbital approach, correlation diagram
approach, Huckel-Mobius approach; Sommelet-Hauser, Cope and Claisen rearrangements. Advanced organic spectroscopy: Nonfirst order spectra; simplification of complex spectra (shift reagents in INDOR); 13C-NMR and signal intensities; pulse techniques;
nuclear overhauser effect (NOE), Description and applications of the commonly used 2D NMR techniques: H-H correlation (COSY
and TOCSY), C-H correlation (HETCOR/HMAC/HSQC), long-range correlation (COLOC/HMBC), internuclear distances (NOESY and
ROESY), INADEQUATE , mass spectroscopy (MS); ionization techniques (E1, Cl, FAD, ESI, MALDI etc),mass analyzers (magnetic
sector, quadrapole analyzer, FTICR, TOF etc.), interfacing of MS with GC (GCMS) and LC (LCMS), fragmentation of chemical classes
of organic compounds. FTIR, CD and ORD in structure elucidation of organic compounds.
CHE 4210 – MOLECULAR AND SURFACE SPECTROSCOPY
Symmetry and Molecular structure: Importance of symmetry in chemistry, symmetry elements and symmetry operation with
illustration, point group. C1, Cs, Ci, Cn, Cnv, Cnh, Dn, Dnh, Dnd, C_, D_h, Td, Oh. Multiplication tables for C2V, C3V and C2h point
groups. Molecular spectroscopy: Electric dipole moment of a molecule: Definition of electric dipole moment, calculation of the
dipole moment of a molecule using the dipole moments of individual bonds, transition dipole moment; Absorption of radiation
as a microscopic phenomenon; Origins of an absorption spectrum and positions of absorption peaks, decomposition of total
energy of a molecule into components, absorption peak heights and widths, microscopic processes that determine the absorption
peak height, selection rules, peak widths. Rotational and Rotational Raman Spectroscopy: Diatomic molecules, intensity of line
spectra, the effect of isotropic substitution, non-rigid rotator and their spectra, polyatomic molecules (linear and symmetric top
molecules), classical theory of Raman Effect – Pure Rotational Raman spectra (linear and symmetric top molecules). Pure
Vibrational Spectroscopy and the energy of diatomic molecules: Simple Harmonic and, anharmonic oscillator, diatomic vibrating
rotator, vibration-rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, vibrations of polyatomic molecules,
influence of rotation on the spectra of polyatomic molecules (linear and symmetric top molecules), Raman activity of vibrations,
vibrational Raman spectra. Surface Analytical Techniques: UV photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), Auger electron spectroscopy
(AES), Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Flame emission microscopy (FEM), high resolution electron energy loss
spectroscopy (HRELS)
CHE 4212 – PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Course Capsule: History of Medicinal Chemistry, comparison of Western medicine to traditional medicine, Phamacokinetics
(ADME process Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion), Chemical and physical properties of drugs influencing the
ADME. Chemical Modification of Drugs, Prodrugs, Steriochemistry and Drug molecules, Enzyme as site of drug action, Receptors
and ligands, Receptor binding and dose response, Synthesis of Drugs: General anesthetics, sedatives and hypnotics, antihistamines, Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, opieates, NSAIDS, Antibiotics. Clinical Trials
CHE 4213 – CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Basic Principles in Toxicology: Fundamental concepts; Dose-response and structure-activity relationships of toxicants;
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion; Basic concepts of the mechanisms of toxicity; action (irritation, narcosis,
inhibitory substances, indicating the substance, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and allergenic substances and their effects)
Role of microorganisms in metabolizing chemicals; Studies of catabolic pathways; chemical aspects of environmental toxicology.
Basic knowledge about how the communication systems of the body, the nervous system and the endocrine system is influenced
by chemicals. Chemistry of Toxicology: Biochemical, cellular, and organ system basis of intoxication; Biotransformation of
toxicants; Biochemical mechanisms underlying toxicity; Factors influencing toxic action and biomarkers of exposure;
Classifications of toxicants, Effects of various classes of toxicants, including heavy metals and persistent synthetic organics, with
a focus on susceptible biochemical/cellular processes of the central nervous and target organ systems; Emphasis will be placed
toexamines how the chemistry of elements is played by a cell and identifies chemical and biological factors that govern a cell’s
selection of certain elements for biological reactions and processes. Genetic toxicology and ionizing radiation: The part includes
basic knowledge about genetic injuries and general genetic testing methods and mechanisms behind chemically induced injuries
and injuries after ionizing radiation. Toxicology in the society: Environmental toxicology, food toxicology, clinical toxicology,
epidemiology, risk assessment.
CHE 4814 – RESEARCH PROJECT AND SEMINAR
This is a compulsory course for the students who are selected for Special Degree in Chemistry at the fourth year. The course
consists of research work, which should last about six months at the bench with a selected supervisor, submission of a final
research report and some lectures on research methodology, literature search and how to write a final research report. The
supervisor can be from the internal academic staff of Rajarata University of Sri Lanka or from a recognized research institute.
Students are free to choose a research topic based on their research interests with the help of a supervisor. Some research topics
will be made available by the academics. In order to approve the proposed project, it should be primarily chemically-based. At
the end of the semester, the student must submit a comprehensive report of the work accomplished to the research adviser. A
copy of the report also must submit to the Head of the department. Grade will be awarded to the comprehensive report and for
the final presentation.
CHE 4215 – SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Types of inorganic compounds with two and three different elements: Discrete molecules, layer structures, giant structures;
CsCl, NaCl (rock salt), ZnS (zinc blende &Wurtzite), CaF2 (fluorite), Na2O (antifluorite), TiO2 (rutile), ilmenite, spinel, perovskite
structures; The atomic, covalent, Van der Waals and ionic radii and their determinations; The radius ratio and its determinations
for coordination numbers, 3, 4, 6 & 8. Thermal properties: Specific heat capacity, Einstein model, plank distribution law, Defects
and Non-stochiometry: (a) Lattice defects: inherent thermodynamic defects, Schottky and Frenkel defects, equilconcentration of Schottky and Frenkel defects, (b) Other imperfections: Point-defects, line defects, plane defects, edge and screw
dislocations, hall effect, colourcentre, (c) Non-stoichiometry: Non-stoichiometry alkali metal halides, transition metal oxides and
sulphides, (d) Impurity: Foreign impurity atoms or ions, impurity in a semi-conducting elements, (e) Experimental investigation
of lattice defects: Ionic conductivity and self-diffusion, density. Band theory of solids: Introduction to energy bands, metals,
semiconductors, insulators, the Kronig-Penny model, the Fermi–Dirac distribution, charge carriers in semiconductors, intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors, direct and indirect band gap semiconductors, metal-semiconductor junction. Thermal and
Microscopic Methods of Analysis. Introduction to thermal method of analysis, thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal
analysis (DTA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); Some applications of thermal
methods in ceramics, cements, polymers etc.; Characterization of solids by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force
microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
